Molniya 8K78 | Luna-5

描述

The Molniya was a modification of the well-known R-7 Semyorka rocket and had four stages. The 8K78 resulted from a crash program by the Korolev Bureau to develop a booster for launching planetary probes. A larger third stage was added along with a fourth stage (Blok L) that was designed to fire in-orbit to send the payload out of LEO. The basic R-7 core was also structurally strengthened and given more powerful engines. A rushed development produced multiple malfunctions of the upper stages, which led to its being replaced by the improved Molniya-M in 1964, but there were enough 8K78s left to continue flying them into 1967.

Molniya是著名的R-7 Semyorka火箭的改进型，有四级。 8 K78是科罗廖夫局开发用于发射行星探测器的助推器的坠毁计划的产物。增加了更大的第三级和第四级（Blok L），该四级旨在在轨道上发射，以将有效载荷送出低地轨道。R-7的基本核心也在结构上得到了加强，并配备了更强大的发动机。仓促的开发导致上级出现多处故障，导致其于1964年被改进的Molniya-M取代，但还剩足够的8 K78可以继续飞行到1967年。（腾讯云翻译）